What is a significant issue associated with using lead pipes in plumbing systems?

Using lead pipes in plumbing systems is significantly associated with health problems, which is why this option is the correct answer. Lead is a toxic metal that can leach into drinking water, especially in environments where the water is acidic or has low mineral content. When consumed, lead can cause serious health issues, particularly in children where it can lead to developmental delays, learning difficulties, and numerous other health complications. In adults, lead exposure can contribute to cardiovascular problems, decreased kidney function, and reproductive issues.

The other options, while potentially relevant in other contexts, do not address the primary concern regarding lead in plumbing. For instance, increased water pressure is not a characteristic of lead pipes; in fact, older lead pipes can corrode and become less effective in maintaining pressure. Enhanced durability is not applicable because lead pipes can deteriorate over time, leading to leaks and the leaching of lead into water supplies. While reduced development costs might seem attractive, the consequences of using lead pipes ultimately lead to much higher long-term costs due to public health risks and regulatory compliance necessary to address lead contamination.